Irenaeus and the Gnostic System Free Essay Example, 3500 words

Irenaeus establishes what has roused him to react in Book 1 and disproves it in Book 2. The remnants of his work reveal that his rejoinder transcends the motivation (Johnson, 2004, 28). Irenaeus initiates with a thorough description of a Valentinian myth which is the labor of a generation succeeding Valentinus and Ptolemy. The credit to Ptolemy is an interpretation; yet the writers were most probably Valentinians who, even as referring to themselves students of Valentinus, were actually students of Ptolemy. The work demonstrates four movements, namely, extension, dispersion, concentration in saviour, and return to unity by saviour, and alludes into six periods, namely, the first principle and first emanations; the passion of Sophia and the new emanations; the formation of Achamoth; three substances; creation of the cosmos; Christ and consummation (Cullman, 1959, 102). All things germinate from the rightness of the pro-father, pro-first principle, chasm, who is unfathomable, furthe r than apprehension, unseen, perpetual, serene in deep restfulness. With him subsists indivisibly reflection (ennoia) who is also silence (sige) and elegance (chairs). From this creation originate three pairs of emanations to the splendor of the Father and to create the Ogdoad: Nous (or Monogenes) and Aletheia, Logos, and Zoe, Anthropos and Ecclesia (ibid, 103). We will write a custom essay sample on Irenaeus and the Gnostic System or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page However, the remaining of the thirty eons, Sophia, surrenders to an unmanageable motive to detain his limitless greatness which changes her through ardor.

The Issues Of Discrimination And Harassment - 1575 Words

Introduction This essay explores the issues of Discrimination and Harassment, in particular, the legal obligations, protection and resources available to human service clients, within Australia and specifically Queensland. A particular level of knowledge is required by human services workers in regards to the judiciary system, legal accountabilities and statutory obligations, to provide the most appropriate level of care for clients of social workers. By describing how the legal framework is relevant to human service workers, their agency and the clients involved, this essay will allow for a better understanding into the world of Human Services. Discussion Understanding the terms: Firstly it is important to recognise the difference†¦show more content†¦Human services is a constantly changing field of work. It can be defined as providing for individuals of groups to ensure they meet significant human needs (Zins, 2015, p.7). The judiciary system establishes and acts out the laws within the states and territories of Australia, as well as resolving legal disputes through a court system. The legal responsibility an individual or organisation has to an issue is referred to as legal accountability, and the requirements of legal obligation within an issue are the statutory obligations. Knowledge of the judiciary system, legal accountabilities and statutory obligations are necessities for all human service workers. It is because of this, workers, agents and clients have the ability to eliminate discrimination and harassment out of society in the best way possible. Who does discrimination and harassment affect? The simple answer to who does discrimination and harassment affect? is, realistically, anyone. Every individual, society, organisation or group of sorts is at risk of being discriminated or harassed by another. Although this is not ideal, it is how society continues to work. The level of judgement and bias has changed drastically within the last century. The economic and cultural gap between Aboriginal Australians and European Australians is gradually decreasing, which is proving to have a positive outcome on the lives of those affected by discrimination and

Europe and its Relationship with the World Free Essays

Europe and its relationship to the universe From the clip through early 1800’s to early 1900’s, Europe has changed a batch in many parts. Such as the Gallic revolution and the Spanish and Lusitanian are seeking to set up their settlement, to distribute their ain civilization and faith like Christian. There are, undouble, a batch of advancements during that clip that can decidedly be found, while the definition of advancement can be understood in different manner, there are non merely positive advancement, but besides a batch of negative advancement. We will write a custom essay sample on Europe and its Relationship with the World or any similar topic only for you Order Now In European’s thought at that clip, they decidedly think the advancement is positive, while for those indigens who live in European settlement they may happen a batch of unjust and see this advancement that made by Europe is negative. We can non deny the benefit that the Europe has made at that clip, but to see the relationship between Europe and the universe between 1800-1914 negative advancements are more obvious because of European industrialisation and imperialism. A batch of illustrations can be found during 1800- 1914 to demo the imperialism of Europeans is non accepted by the indigens. We can see Europeans at that clip were non so successful when they are seeking to construct the relationship with Africa. From the novel â€Å"Thingss Fall Apart†[ 1 ] by Chinua Achebe, the writer writes about how the Europeans treated Africans in an unjust manner, from the age of industrialisation. Europeans arrived in West Africa non for peace but for the slaves, they want enslave the Africans and allow them go the free labour for Europe and work for Europe.Achebe showed how the native react when they hear about the Europeans, â€Å" We have heard narratives about white work forces who made the powerful guns and the strong drinks and took slaves away across the seas, but no 1 thought the narratives were true † [ 2 ] ( Ch. 15 Achebe ) . We can see the Africans do non even think Europeans as one of world will handle their compatriots as slaves, b ut they were incorrect. In the terminal of the novel, we can see there was about no effectual advancement has been made between the Africans and the Europeans. In the antonym, the Europeans really had destroyed all the good hopes to the European that Africans used to hold and convey war to them non merely for their land but besides for their faith. In the book Okonkwo says to Obrierika, â€Å"He [ Europeans ] came softly and pacifically with his faith. We were amused at his folly and allowed him to remain. Now he has won our brothers and our kin can no longer move like one † [ 3 ] ( Ch. 20 Achebe ) . The Europeans usage means to change over some members of the indigens to Christianity, but cause other indigens to detest Christian. To be honest, we can non happen any positive advancement that was made between the Europeans and the Africans because the selfishness of Europeans make they took advantage of indigens land and labour but merely convey goods to their ain state. In add-on, we besides can happen this unfair in the novel â€Å"This Earth of mankind† which writes about a immature adult male, Minke, who can populate a instead simple life as a pupil in a Dutch high school in Surabaya, Indonesia. Although he is one of the few Natives who surveies in his school, he still do non lose confident for himself. But Minke’s life begins to alter when he meets and falls in love with the most beautiful miss he has of all time seen. Annelies is a mixed-blood girl of a Native and a European man of affairs. Her female parent as a native learn several sorts of linguistic communication and truly outstanding. When Minke’s relationship with Ann grows deeper, people of the town start to state he and Annelies is illegal, but even his life is threatened and he is brought to the tribunal, he still continues to contend against the unfairnesss of the authorities, non merely want to win but to support humanity and its rights. Although Minke and Anneli es eventually lose but they do demo to this Earth of world a great illustration that racism will ne’er be a good manner to handle people and justness will eventually come. This is a great novel that shows how people fight against for their right. Different from â€Å"Thingss Fall Apart†, â€Å"this Earth of mankind† [ 4 ] shows a negative advancement of Europe’s imperialism has cause but show us a positive attitude about how to defy the unfairness under the imperialism. This article shows the hope and the imperialism will eventually do Europe lose the people. Jules Ferry besides talks about the enlargement of colonial and what character should the Europeans had if they want to success, â€Å"In a Europe, or instead in a universe therefore constituted, a policy of backdown or abstinence is merely the high route to decadence! † [ 5 ] ( On French Colonial Expansion ) . This sort of procedure did non better the relationships but merely hindered the advancement of the dealingss between Europe and the universe. Besides from the information of â€Å"Chadwick ‘s Report on Sanitary Conditions† , â€Å"That the one-year loss of life from crud and bad airing are greater than the loss from decease or lesions in any wars in which the state has been engaged in modern times† [ 6 ] Shows the bad wellness conditions in Europe during that clip. These may be caused by the excessively many settlements and will besides convey this disease to those who are indigens that ne’er run into such diseases. It is difficult to state it is positive or negative, but it does do bad consequence on indigens. The industrialisation besides causes jobs for Europe. No 1 can deny the importance of industrialisation, because without it all of our modern machines can be a gag, but Karl Marx besides show the injury that industrialisation cause to the lower degree people. In his article â€Å"Manifesto of the Communist Party† , he pointed out that with the higher development of the industrialisation, it non merely makes mass production more easy but besides increase the spread between the rich and the hapless. In his article he said â€Å"From the minute when labour can no longer be converted into capital, money, or rent, into a societal power capable of being monopolized, i.e. , from the minute when single belongings can no longer be transformed into bourgeois belongings, into capital, from that minute, you say, individuality vanishes† [ 7 ] which shows the struggle between the labours and the upper degree. His sentiment about revolution can besides be regard as possible crisis of the Europe. So half positive and half negative is what the history’s rating about industrialisation. But there is some positive advancement that Europe did throughout the 19Thursdayand 20Thursdaycentury is in footings of women’s rights. At the pervious age adult females were treated with about zero regard before the Revolution started. Womans do non hold the same rights as adult male, they merely see as accoutrement of work forces. But sometimes they were besides â€Å"used† like work forces, or even requested higher than adult male like work longer than adult male with fewer pay. Women and kids were seen making the â€Å"same sort of belowground work, and to work for the same figure of hours, as male childs and men† [ 8 ] ( Women Miners ) . The adult females dress like work forces, work as work forces but still can non win their regard. The Revolution did alter the manner that adult females were used to handle a batch because after the revolution adult females had their freedom and rights, which is pretty easy but was ne’er heard before the 1800’s . This is decidedly a positive advancement Europeans have made. The advancement of the European industrialisation, imperialism and their relationship with the universe in decision can be regard as negative. Europeans destroyed civilisations for doing their civilization and benefits. Use other’s labour for their ain selfishness. When they find a manner that suits them best, they did non waver to handle others like African below the belt. The Africans were enslaved like they are non human at all. In add-on, the civil war that was caused by Gallic Revolution besides affected France’s relationship with other European states by impacting each other’s issues such as trade ( Lecture ) [ 9 ] . Positive advancement was made by Europeans by successfully bettering their finicky conditions and giving suited rights to the adult females, but even for these positive advancements, they are still made for their ain state and society non for other settlements. So wholly in all, the selfishness dominates the Europeans and makes their advancemen t connected with the universe at 1800-1914 negative How to cite Europe and its Relationship with the World, Essay examples

Business Report A Hypothetical Case Study (Capital Metro)

Question: Discuss about the Business Report for A Hypothetical Case Study of Capital Metro. Answer: Introduction Light rail is a form of railway system having small sized railcar (generally 2-3 coaches) and the rails are laid along the normal road or highway. The purpose of light rail is to ease the pressure on rush hour traffic like office cars, buses and others. In this hypothetical case study, a light rail project is proposed in the city of Canberra. The project is designed to create a light rail route within Canberra, which will cover all the important places as well as the commercial district (Birdsall 2016). Canberra is a standout amongst the most busiest and vital city of Australia. As indicated by the proposed framework, the light rail course will be made alongside the main and busy routes of the city. Nevertheless, the topography of the city has made the roadways to be worked along ridges and hence, less space is accessible for the light rail course. Amid the execution of a light rail project, a standout amongst the most essential points of the management must be to decrease the blocka ge and tumult of the ordinary roadways and give smooth and basic light rail system (Olesen and Lassen 2016). The management should likewise plan to give comfortable experience to the travelers and in addition delivering a more eco-friendly environment. This light rail project will be executed after the planning phase and is expected to cover most of the city and its commercial districts. This project is expected to cover an overall length of around 12km within the city of Canberra (Ney and Gray 2014). This route will connect key commercial districts of Canberra as well as some popular tourist spots so that all kinds of customers are benefitted from the light rail system. The overall expenses of the project is expected to reach $900 million. In this report, the details of the project and estimated expenses and other parameters have been analyzed and discussed along with the development of a system design. Methodology In the specific report, detailed research methods have been used to analyze a hypothetical project for understanding the system design requirements and concepts. Data has been collected from different works of researchers as well as real life case studies for the analysis of this hypothetical case study. This hypothetical case study is based on the development of a light rail project in the city of Canberra. For system design purpose, actual data has been collected that are needed to complete a business report based on the selected project. Information has been gathered from internet sources as well as verified statistical values from different surveys. Assorting all the data and information, detailed analytic study has been conducted on this hypothetical project. In this report, consumer behaviors of passengers that are expected to be benefitted from the light rail project have also been discussed. Conceptual System Design The project is designed to create a light rail route within Canberra, which will cover all the important places as well as the commercial district. Canberra is a standout amongst the most busiest and vital city of Australia (Currie and Burke 2013). Alongside the developing number of enterprises and business associations, the quantity of working individuals is developing every year. In the city, around 40,000 individuals use transport amid ordinary hours and amid top hours, the number ascents to more than 600,000 (Hensher 2016). These outcomes are responsible for the developing number of transport suburbanites in the city. This detail itself is the confirmation of the rising number of workers. Because of excessively numerous suburbanites in the rush hour, activity clog is extremely regular in the city. Figure 1: A Light Rail System (Artists Impression) (Source: Capital Metro Agency 2014) As indicated by the proposed framework, the light rail course will be made alongside the main and busy routes of the city. Nevertheless, the topography of the city has made the roadways to be worked along ridges and hence, less space is accessible for the light rail course (Downs, Cassels and Ericksen 2014). Additionally, the current city arrange likewise allows constrained space for extension of the streets and thus, the light rail undertaking will dependably be a testing one to execute. Figure 2: Proposed Route of the Light Rail Network (Source: Capital Metro Agency 2014) Thus, the idea of the framework outline must be such that the light rail can be actualized alongside the normal roadways. Once more, the real street ranges ought not be diminished or it will bring about more movement blockage. The proposed course will go through all the bustling territories of the city and in addition the most essential spots amid the rush hours (Ho, Hensher and Mulley 2015). As per the examination directed by the Canberra service, the light rail will have the capacity to transport most extreme number of travelers contrasted with the other general method for transport. Preliminary System Design The basic design of the light rail network system can be based on the following factors. Priority to Customers Any business service should always be provided based on the customer priorities. According to the project management authority, the light rail is aimed to provide services to various types of customers (passengers), e.g. Short trip passengers for business, tourism, shopping purposes Suburb passengers for work, entertainment Student passengers for school, university, etc Patron passengers for major events, race course, etc Bypass passengers for changing from rail to road, rail to ferry, etc Other passengers like patients, commuters delayed by congestion, etc Proposed Services After the light rail installation is complete, the authority will be able to provide light rail services every 2-3 minutes during peak time and 7-10 minutes in lean hours (Burke, Currie and Delbosc 2014). The light rail management should always aim to provide fast and reliable services to its passengers. Simple Traffic and Transportation System Amid the execution of a light rail project, a standout amongst the most essential points of the management must be to decrease the blockage and tumult of the ordinary roadways and give smooth and basic light rail system (Mulley, Tsai and Ma 2015). The management should likewise plan to give comfortable experience to the travelers and in addition delivering a more eco-friendly environment. Tailing this goal, electric fueled and air-conditioned light rails were executed in the light rail course (Miller 2014). Subsequent to beginning the course finished in 2014, the blockage and disorder in the adjacent street have diminished significantly alongside the air contamination around the course. Convenient Ticketing System The management can opt to open mechanized electronic ticketing system for the light rail system at various outlets as well as on-board system. This has made less demanding for the passengers to purchase tickets for their travel (Peter, Jeffrey and Garry 2013). Sooner rather than later, the management can arrange an incorporated ticketing system and permitting the utilization of Opal Cards and e-ticketing systems. Detail Design and Development This light rail project will be executed after the planning phase and is expected to cover most of the city and its commercial districts. This project is expected to cover an overall length of around 12km within the city of Canberra (Martin 2014). This route will connect key commercial districts of Canberra as well as some popular tourist spots so that all kinds of customers are benefitted from the light rail system. The overall expenses of the project is expected to reach $900 million. This light rail course is outlined in a manner that it is expected to become an incorporating variable for the transportation arrangement of the territory (Chandler 2015). Moreover, the light rail route goes about as a connector amongst roadways and the heavy rails at different parts of the city. Because of this, the traffic clog of streets in the close-by territory has diminished definitely. The course has been composed such that the suburbanites can without much of a stretch access different method for transport in the wake of leaving the rail car (Mysydney.nsw.gov.au. 2012). The light rail course will touch a few noteworthy parking spots and in addition, real transport terminals, ship ghats, large rail stations, and so on. This course additionally goes through most of the busiest parts of the city that include financial districts, universities, museums, offices and other places of public and tourist interests (Hensher, Mulley and Rose 2016). One or more substations should be installed for supplying electrical energy to the light rail framework. Notwithstanding all these, different frameworks like traveler data framework, wild life protection measures, access ways, lighting offices and others have been introduced. Content Case Analysis Challenges and Estimations During the system design phase, a large number of challenges may be faced. These are as follows. Urban Development During the course of the development of light rail route, the authority should likewise call attention to the improvement and reestablishment of close-by regions for expanding benefits from ticket revenue (Vareilles et al. 2015). The light rail was ready to achieve more regions of the city that will in the end lead to urban reestablishment. Busy and Growing City Canberra is a standout amongst the most busiest and vital city of Australia. Alongside the developing number of enterprises and business associations, the quantity of working individuals is developing every year. In the city, around 40,000 individuals use transport amid ordinary hours and amid top hours, the number ascents to more than 600,000 (Rumbaugh 2014). These outcomes are responsible for the developing number of transport suburbanites in the city. This detail itself is the confirmation of the rising number of workers. Because of excessively numerous suburbanites in the rush hour, activity clog is extremely regular in the city (Catthoor et al. 2013). As indicated by a review, to clear blockage and travel a mere 2 km, it takes about an hour amid the rush hour. Global Competition As for the expansion of the financial aspect and global value of the city, the light rail must be produced with the goal that it draws in more sightseers from different districts and nations. The most current light rail cars ought to be introduced keeping in mind the end goal to contend with different urban areas of the world (Downs, Cassels and Ericksen 2014). Pulling in more global travelers will help in producing more income for the power that will at last prompt huge budgetary development. Figure 3: Gungahlin-City Corridor (Canberra) Bus Routes (Source: Capital Metro Agency 2014) From the case investigation, the capability of light rail framework in Canberra can be assessed extremely well. Without the light rail framework, the vehicle costs because of movement blockage could have ascended to around $10 billion in a few years, though to the detriment of $800 million, the light rail system can be set up (Hensher, Mulley and Rose 2016). This is additionally more reasonable as far as business as it will create increasingly income every year with rising prevalence of the light rail framework. It is to be noted that a light rail project is very much feasible in a city like Canberra where there are a huge number of people use transport everyday for work and other purposes. Moreover, being a prestigious city, Canberra cannot lose its reputation due to only traffic blockages and intense rush of people during the peak hour (Olesen and Lassen 2016). In addition, these traffic clogs also cause massive amount of losses to the authority. As estimated above, light rail will ease the pressure on the rush and also generate strong revenues to the authority. However, the system design planning must be done by focusing specifically on the customer demands so that more passengers are interested to ride the light cars. Data Tabulation Capital Cost Estimate Cost Area $m Nominal Stops and Precincts 11 Roads and Utilities Infrastructure 118 Rail Alignment 96 Signaling, Rail Systems and Power 137 Depot and Stabling 59 Contractors Overhead and Profit 59 Total Construction Cost 479 Rolling Stock 65 Total Alignment Costs 545 Escalation 65 Sub Total 610 Contingency 173 Total Project Outturn Cost 783 Cost Benefit (Estimated Values) Cost Scenario Value $m PV Project Benefits Transport Benefits 406 Land Use Benefits 381 Wider Economic Impacts 198 Total project Benefits 984 Project Costs Capex 619 Opex 204 Total Project Costs 823 Project Economic Indicators BCR (transport and land use) 1.0 Net Present Value (transport, land use WEIs) 161 BCR (transport, land use WEIs) 1.2 Estimated Daily Rail Patronage Time 2021 2031 AM Peak 3,946 5,193 Inter-Peak 4,848 6,587 PM Peak 3,607 5,012 Off Peak 2,718 3,414 TOTAL 15,120 20,207 6.2.4 Summary of operation, maintenance and lifecycle costs ($m) Capital Cost Element Cost Total Project Outturn Cost ($nominal, P75) 783 Less: Difference between P75 and P50 contingency (24) Total Project Outturn Cost ($nominal, P50) 759 Less: Escalation on Alignment Cost (65) Less: Escalation on Contingency (9) Project Outturn Cost ($real) 685 Plus Agency Costs ($real) 45 Costs for Economic Analysis Purposes (P50, $real) 730 Conclusion From the report, it has been clear that light rail will be an integral part of Australian transportation system in the near future. Along with serving the busiest districts of the big cities in the country, it will also attract tourists from other countries if the service provided in reliable and customer-centric. This light rail installation project is outlined in a manner that it is expected to become an incorporating variable for the transportation arrangement of the territory. Moreover, the light rail route will go about as a connector amongst roadways and the heavy rails at different parts of the city. The course has also been planned such that the passengers can easily access different method for transport after leaving the rail car. The light rail course will touch a few noteworthy parking spots and in addition, real transport terminals, ship ghats, large rail stations, and so on. This course additionally goes through most of the busiest parts of the city that include financia l districts, universities, museums, offices and other places of public and tourist interests. From the case analysis, the capability of light rail framework in Canberra can be assessed extremely well. Without the light rail framework, the vehicle costs because of movement blockage could have ascended to around $10 billion in a few years, though to the detriment of $800 million, the light rail system can be set up. This is additionally more reasonable as far as business as it will create increasingly income every year with rising prevalence of the light rail framework. Recommendations The following recommendations can be provided in the wake of analysis of the report. The new light rail courses ought to be made alongside the normal roadways also. The actual road areas ought not be diminished or it will bring about more activity blockage. The power must underscore on the advancement and reestablishment of close-by territories for expanding benefits from the revenues generated from tickets. The most technically sound and modern light rail cars are to be introduced to compete with different urban communities of the world. References Birdsall, M., 2015. From Metro and Light Rail to Trains and Trams: Exploring Sydney, Australia's Expansive Public Transit Initiatives.Institute of Transportation Engineers. ITE Journal,85(11), p.31. Birdsall, M., 2015. From Rapid Transit and Light Rail to Trains and Trams: Exploring Sydney, Australia's Expansive Public Transit Initiatives: PART TWO: SYDNEY'S LIGHT RAIL EXPANSION.Institute of Transportation Engineers. ITE Journal,85(12), p.28. Burke, M., Currie, G. and Delbosc, A., 2014. Performance of Australian Light Rail and Comparison with US Trends.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2419), pp.11-22. Capital Metro Agency. (2014). 1st ed. [pdf] Canberra: Capital Metro Full Business Case, pp.12-35. Available at: https://www.tccs.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/887680/Light-rail-Capital-Metro-Business-Case-In-Full.pdf [Accessed 21 Aug. 2016]. Catthoor, F., Wuytack, S., de Greef, G.E., Banica, F., Nachtergaele, L. and Vandecappelle, A., 2013.Custom memory management methodology: Exploration of memory organisation for embedded multimedia system design. Springer Science Business Media. Chandler, B., 2015. Australia award for urban design presentations in Melbourne.Planning News,41(9), p.6. Currie, G. and Burke, M., 2013, October. Light rail in Australiaperformance and prospects. InAustralasian Transport Research Forum, Brisbane, Australia. Downs, C., Cassels, B. and Ericksen, J., 2014. Case study of rail design on Gold Coast Light Rail.CORE 2014: Rail Transport For A Vital Economy, p.76. Hensher, D., Mulley, C. and Rose, J., 2016. Preferences for BRT and light rail.Restructuring Public Transport Through Bus Rapid Transit: An International and Interdisciplinary Perspective, p.209. Hensher, D.A., 2016. Why is Light Rail Starting to Dominate Bus Rapid Transit Yet Again?.Transport Reviews,36(3), pp.289-292. Ho, C., Hensher, D.A. and Mulley, C., 2015. Identifying resident preferences for bus-based and rail-based investments as a complementary buy in perspective to inform project planning prioritisation.Journal of Transport Geography,46, pp.1-9. Martin, S., 2014. Moving beyond cost: Evaluating LRT and BRT options for Australian and New Zealand cities.CORE 2014: Rail Transport For A Vital Economy, p.178. Miller, N., 2014. The impact of a new light rail network upon walkability in a central business district. Mulley, C., Tsai, C.H.P. and Ma, L., 2015, September. Does residential property price benefit from light rail in Sydney?. InAustralasian Transport Research Forum (ATRF), 37th, 2015, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Mysydney.nsw.gov.au. (2012). Sydneys Light Rail Future: Expanding public transport, revitalising our city. [online] Available at: https://mysydney.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/user-files/uploads/light-rail-future-web.pdf [Accessed 20 Aug. 2016]. Ney, S.M. and Gray, D., 2014. Western Sydney Light Rail-connecting the people of Western Sydney to the future.CORE 2014: Rail Transport For A Vital Economy, p.111. Olesen, M. and Lassen, C., 2016. Rationalities and materialities of light rail scapes.Journal of Transport Geography. Peter, N., Jeffrey, K. and Garry, G., 2013. Peak car use and the rise of global rail: why this is happening and what it means for large and small cities.Journal of Transportation Technologies,2013. Rumbaugh, D.M. ed., 2014.Language learning by a chimpanzee: The Lana project. Academic Press. Vareilles, E., Coudert, T., Aldanondo, M., Geneste, L. and Abeille, J., 2015. System design and project planning: Model and rules to manage their interactions.Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering,22(4), pp.327-342.

Lincolns Battle With His Cabinet Essays - , Term Papers

Lincoln's Battle With His Cabinet Abraham Lincoln is regarded by many historians as the greatest president ever to stand at America's helm. This reputation is extremely well deserved, as Lincoln was able to preserve the Union and gain victory in the civil war, despite his fighting an uphill battle against his own presidential cabinet. Had he not been struggling against this divided government, President Lincoln could have achieved victory with extreme efficiency and a minimum of wanton bloodshed (Angle 659). After Lincoln was inaugurated on March 4, 1861, he was forced to battle a split cabinet because of campaign promises made to various Republican factions, which made it almost mandatory for certain individuals to be appointed to cabinet posts. He ruled his cabinet with an iron hand, and often acted without cabinet consent or advice. Although his opponents called his method of rule "dictatorial" and "unconstitutional," it was the only effective way to get anything done (Simmons 142). In the beginning, Lincoln's secretary of state, William H. Seward, clearly considered himself the President's superior, and blandly offered to assume the executive responsibility. He entered the cabinet with the thought of becoming the power behind the Presidential chair and openly opposed Lincoln's control of the Union. This made Lincoln's position as Chief of State exceedingly difficult and hindered his communication and control of the military. As time passed, however, Seward recognized Lincoln's capabilities and gave him complete loyalty (Simmons 174). This could not be said of Salmon P. Chase, Lincoln's first secretary of the treasury. Blinded by an inflated ego, Chase pursued his own presidential aspirations. He was in constant conflict with Seward, and in general opposition to Lincoln, particularly over the issue of slavery. Chase has been described as "jealous of the President," and "overly ambitious." Lincoln's personal secretary, John Nicolay, wrote, "There is enough in Chase's letters abusing Lincoln behind his back for quite a scorcher." He grew so furious with the President's capable rule that he finally resigned his position (Williams 202). Another weak link in Lincoln's cabinet was his first secretary of war, Simon Cameron. He was considered an honest politician, being that he "would stay bought when he was bought." His reputation as a swindler caused dissent among the cabinet, and he permitted so much inefficiency and corruption in his department that Lincoln welcomed an excuse to relieve him of his post (Angle, 660). Cameron's successor, Edwin M. Stanton was a man who shared Seward's initial opinion of the President, but who made an excellent secretary of war. Prior to his appointment, Stanton had strongly criticized Lincoln, and mistrusted his motives. In fact, he was later accused of masterminding the plot to assassinate Lincoln. Although no proof was found to substantiate the charge, many historians today lend credence to the accusation. Stanton's rudeness and intolerance made him many enemies in the cabinet, and one of his most bitter foes was Gideon Welles, secretary of the navy. This lead to many heated debates within the cabinet which obstructed the efficiency of the organization (Simmons 181). Welles' performance as a member of the cabinet was unmatched by any of the others, but he was frequently squabbling fiercely with Stanton. Welles opposed Stanton's every move and therefore, strategic progress was slow (Williams, 212). And thus, in the face of staggering odds, and playing with a deck stacked against him, Lincoln emerges gloriously triumphant. His good acts have been magnified and his opposition overlooked in the passage of time. Even so, Lincoln, against all odds, looms as the greatest of Presidents. Works Cited Angle, Todd. "Abraham Lincoln." Collier's Encyclopedia. 1986. Simmons, Henry E. A Concise Encyclopedia of the Civil War. New York: The Fairfax Press, 1986. Williams, T. Harry. Lincoln and His Generals. New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1952.

Principle of Marketing Essay using SWOT Example

Principle of Marketing Essay using SWOT Example Principle of Marketing Essay using SWOT – Essay Example 1-Develop a SWOT for this new product. Make sure to have at least two items under each section. Strengths: Advantages from new design proprietary know-how First mover advantages Weaknesses: High business start-up costs Untested market demand Opportunities New product attracts investors who can boost your cash flow, production capacity, and marketing budget and so on. You can surprise competitors Threats Vulnerable to reactive attack by major competitors Emergence of substitute products 2. After you complete the SWOT, what two additional forms of research should you do, and why? a) Porter’s five forces analysis: This will help you analyze the kite-making industry so that you can be able to stake out a position that is more profitable and less vulnerable to attack from competitors (Porter, 2008). b) Value chain analysis: This helps the firm identify its core competencies and the activities in the value chain that it can do to create a sustainable competitive advantage either through cost advantage or differentiation. 3. Based on your SWOT, who might two target audiences be for your new kite? Advertising firms that use kites as moving billboards Traditional kite consumers 4. What would be two marketing objectives you develop for your plan? To build a customer database of at least 200,000 in the next 12 months. To achieve a return on investments (ROI) of at least 20 % 5. Define and explain the four elements of the marketing mix that you would suggest for this new product. Base your answers to 1, 2, 3, and 4 above. a) Product: The product is the tangible kite that will be offered for sale. Kites are generally multi-shaped and multi-colored thus we shall give a provision for mass customization of the kites based on customer taste. We shall accommodate for common shapes for small orders and be more flexible for larger orders so as to maximize on economies of scale. b) Price: This determines the products profit margins. We shall commence with a skimming price strategy so as to maximize on profit margins before competitors come up with substitute products. We shall give discounts for large purchases and for advertising firms so that they can increase the buzz about our product. c) Promotion: this determines how we shall spread the word about our product to increase consumer interest and eventual sales and market share. Our first strategy would be to issue discounts to advertising firms so that they use our kites as mobile billboards. We shall also participate in town fairs, festivals and set up spots around parks and beaches to gain both visibility and sales. d) Place: this determines where we shall make the kites and how we shall distribute them to the final consumer. In this case, we shall only have one manufacturing site and utilize the internet as a retail store. We shall partner with a courier service to deliver orders around the country. We shall not venture abroad in the first few months to reduce logistics costs. 6. Explain two ways you can evaluate the success of your plan (based on your objectives). After 12 months we will look at the number of customers we have in our database. If the number slightly exceeds 200,000 then we have succeeded. If the numbers have exceeded by 100,000 or more then we had done poor evaluations. If the number of customers is less than 200,000 then we have failed in our plan. We will use a similar criterion to the one above to evaluate our success based on the ROI. 7. It has been one year, and you are finally making a few dollars. You realize that an important part of your marketing plan is going to include corporate social responsibility. Keeping in mind your product, give at least two specific examples of what you can do, and two specific reasons why your company would benefit. a) Firstly, we will sponsor an event named â€Å"Keep kids outdoors†. This will be an outdoor summer festival for children where they will compete on designing, making and flying kites and other outdoor activities. This will benefit our company in three ways: (1) encouraging kids to play outside will increase the demand for our kites; (2) promoting a healthy lifestyle will increase our brand image in the minds of the purchasers who are mostly parents and guardians; and (3) the more healthy kids there are the bigger the market for our products. b) Secondly, we will start producing kites made of bio-degradable materials. The benefits of this will be: (1) we get lee-way to charge a premium price for our products, and (2) we improve our brand image as an eco-friendly brand. 8. It has been three years, and you are a success! You decide to expand beyond the US. Discuss two marketing issues you would need to address if you decide to sell your kite globally, and how you could avoid them. a) In marketing abroad the two major issues will be product and distribution. In product certain cultures abroad may abhor how we are currently packaging or presenting our products e.g. a culture may prohibit flying of black kites. To tackle this we will engage a marketing consultancy with a regional strength to give us guidance on the cultural norms of the new target market. b) On the other hand, distribution will also be a challenge because the costs of production and dispatch across the seas may be either too costly or take too long before the product arrives at the destination. However, since ours is still a proprietary technology we will partner with a local manufacturer who will be issued with pre-packed materials so that all that they do is to assemble the kite into the desired shape. 9. You become a huge success selling directly to consumers. You are approached by WindWing, an international kite manufacturer. They would like to purchase your kites to resell as part of their kite line. What will be the similarities and differences between selling to WindWing (an organizational buyer) and directly to the ultimate consumer? Name at least two similarities and two differences. Similarities: In both instances we have to provide excellent after sales service and customer support. They both require well-crafted, targeted marketing that will communicate our companies value-proposition eloquently. Differences In selling directly to consumers we simplify the buying process to a single step while in selling to WindWing the process may have several steps to accommodate for credit facilities, reverse-auctions and so on. In selling directly to customer we maximize on the value of the transaction since it may be one-time whereas in selling to WindWing we maximize on the value of the relationship so as to make it long-term. References Porter, M. E. (2008). The Five competitive forces that shape strategy. Harvard Business Review Online, R0801E, 1-18. 

How To Avoid Costly Mistakes In Influencer Marketing With Shane Barker

How To Avoid Costly Mistakes In Influencer Marketing With Shane Barker Did you do a lot of stupid things when you were a kid? Did you get caught and yelled at? Was your #1 go-to argument: Well, my buddy was doing it first only to be told, â€Å"Well, if your friend jumped off a bridge, would you do it, too?† As a kid, there are certain people who influence and inspire you. As you get older, that doesn’t change. About 92% of consumers trust earned media, such as word-of-mouth and recommendations from friends and family, more so than any other form of advertising. The result: Influencer marketing. Today, we’re talking to Shane Barker, a digital marketing consultant who specializes in influencer marketing. He shares the top three things needed to execute a successful influencer marketing strategy, as well as pitfalls to avoid. Influencer marketing is the practice of using social media influencers to promote your brand, Website, or products Social media influencers have some type of influence over their followers, who trust and believe in them for information and guidance Don’t look at the follower count; number of followers incentivizes who is an influencer, but fake followers are used to make that happen Brands that use influencer marketing successfully include LinkedIn and LikeToKnowIt Software can be used to find influencers consider engagement rates and profiles, not â€Å"likes†; conduct research to build a long-term relationship Pitfalls to Avoid: Don’t go after the influencer with the largest following and spend time selecting and setting expectations for an influencer Measure success of influencer marketing via affiliate codes/links, Website/landing page traffic, brand mentions, engagement rates, etc. Future of Influencer Marketing: How to scale this type of marketing, develop a win-win strategy, and educate brands on how to find influencers Links: Shane Barker Shane Barker’s Email Content Solutions Global Trust in Advertising and Brand Messages LinkedIn The Sophisticated Marketer’s Guide to LinkedIn Liketoknow.it Grin Influence.co Fiverr Send suggested AMP topics and guests If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Shane Barker: â€Å"Influencer marketing is essentially the practice of using social media influencers to promote your brand, Website, or products.† â€Å"These people have some type of influence over their following.† â€Å"Not all engagement is good engagement. Is that an influencer you want to have your name associated with?† That’s one of the big questions is like, Oh, what do I pay an influencer? Well, it really depends. It really depends on the influencer because each one of them run their business differently.